癌症 Can Be Fun For Anyone

良性腫瘤指腫瘤細胞未發生轉移與侵入周遭組織的情形，反之則稱為惡性腫瘤，多數會影響生理功能的腫瘤都是惡性腫瘤。

而根據癌症發展的程度，又可分為零、一、二、三、四期等，及早期與晚期，通常零到一期算是早期，但在不同癌症中每期的定義和治療方法都有所不同，確實的分期仍應參考美國癌症聯合委員會的定義。

Cancers usually arise from an assemblage of mutations and epimutations that confer a selective advantage bringing about clonal enlargement (see Subject defects in progression to cancer). Mutations, nonetheless, might not be as frequent in cancers as epigenetic alterations.

註解：癌細胞將於所到之處繼續失控的繁殖。舉例：若肺癌細胞轉移到肝臟，則肝臟將出現不斷增生的肺部細胞（不具肺功能），且此細胞具有入侵正常肝臟細胞的能力，導致肝功能不斷降低；反之，不具入侵能力但失控繁殖的細胞，稱為良性腫瘤。

您周围的环境可能含有会导致患癌风险增加的有害化学物质。即使您不吸烟，但如果您前往有人吸烟的地方或是与吸烟者同住，您也可能会吸入二手烟。家里或工作场所的化学物质（如石棉和苯）也会增加患癌的风险。

Individuals who endure cancer establish a second Most important cancer at about two times the speed of These hardly ever diagnosed.[208] The improved risk is thought to generally be as a result of random prospect of creating any cancer, the probability of surviving the first cancer, precisely the same hazard aspects that developed the main most cancers, undesired Unwanted side effects of treating the initial cancer (specifically radiation therapy), and superior compliance with screening.[208]

現代人工作忙碌，飲食習慣差，多為外食、重口味並常延遲用餐，加上生活壓力大、熬夜、作息不穩定，以及長期久坐、缺乏運動等，這些不良生活習慣都會增加罹癌風險。

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Inside the seventies, a comparatively preferred option cancer remedy from the US was a specialised method of talk therapy, according to the idea that cancer was attributable to a nasty Perspective.[244] Individuals with a "cancer character"—frustrated, repressed, self-loathing and afraid to precise their thoughts—ended up thought to own manifested cancer via subconscious want. Some 癌症 psychotherapists claimed that therapy to alter the affected individual's outlook on everyday living would get rid of the cancer.[244] Among other consequences, this belief allowed Modern society guilty the victim for owning induced the cancer (by "seeking" it) or owning prevented its get rid of (by not getting to be a adequately pleased, fearless and loving man or woman).

放射線治療（也稱放療、輻射療法）是使用輻射線殺死癌細胞，縮小腫瘤。放射治療可經由體外放射治療（英语：exterior beam radiotherapy）或體內近接放射治療。由於癌細胞的生長和分裂都較正常細胞快，藉由輻射線破壞細胞的遺傳物質，可阻止細胞生長或分裂，進而控制癌細胞的生長。不過放射治療的效果僅能侷限在接受照射的區域內。放射治療的目標則是要儘可能的破壞所有癌細胞，同時盡量減少對鄰近健康組織影響。雖然輻射線照射對癌細胞和正常細胞都會造成損傷，但大多數正常細胞可從放射治療的傷害中恢復。因此通常在臨床上，醫師與放射專家會小心計算需要的放射線劑量，同時放射治療也會分成許多次進行，讓健康的組織在每次輻射線照射的間隔中能有機會恢復。

免疫細胞療法是最近這幾年開發的最新技術，原理是直接將大量未分化的樹狀細胞投入腫瘤中或腫瘤周邊的血管中，能迅速且大量的強化樹狀細胞辨識特定癌細胞的能力，使樹狀細胞可在短時間內幫助輔助型T細胞（helper T cell）快速誘導出大量細胞毒殺性T淋巴球（CTL），以攻擊特定癌細胞。目前此項研究已在日本進入臨床試驗階段。

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Achievable harms from your screening examination: by way of example, X-ray visuals require publicity to most likely destructive ionizing radiation

惡性轉移的症狀：淋巴結腫大、咳嗽、咳血、肝腫大、骨頭疼痛、骨骼因腫瘤轉移影響發生骨折以及神經系統的症狀。雖然癌症末期會出現疼痛的現象，但疼痛往往並不是惡性轉移發生的症狀。